第三方評(píng)估機(jī)制

精準(zhǔn)扶貧以來(lái)，各地積極引入第三方評(píng)估機(jī)制全面開展各項(xiàng)考核。2015年，《中共中央 國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)的決定》明確要求“建立對(duì)扶貧政策落實(shí)情況和扶貧成效的第三方評(píng)估機(jī)制”。

第三方評(píng)估是客觀評(píng)判省級(jí)黨委和政府扶貧開發(fā)工作精準(zhǔn)度、群眾滿意度的重要依據(jù)。充分發(fā)揮第三方評(píng)估的督查、巡察作用，可為科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)變扶貧工作方式，消除貧困地區(qū)體制機(jī)制障礙，增強(qiáng)其內(nèi)生動(dòng)力與發(fā)展活力開辟有效途徑。

中共十八大以來(lái)，為了加強(qiáng)脫貧攻堅(jiān)成效考核，中央開始實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格的考核評(píng)估制度。國(guó)務(wù)院扶貧辦2016年、2017年組織了由中國(guó)科學(xué)院牽頭的第三方評(píng)估，選派相關(guān)專家學(xué)者進(jìn)村入戶，對(duì)各地貧困人口的識(shí)別精準(zhǔn)度、貧困人口退出的精準(zhǔn)度和貧困人口對(duì)幫扶工作的滿意度進(jìn)行第三方評(píng)估，起到查實(shí)問題、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、以評(píng)促改、支撐決策的作用。中科院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所還研究制定了《貧困縣脫貧退出第三方評(píng)估技術(shù)指南》，就調(diào)研流程、協(xié)調(diào)部署、應(yīng)急處理等開展專門培訓(xùn)，統(tǒng)一規(guī)范調(diào)查問卷類型、內(nèi)容、填寫、記錄、編碼、數(shù)據(jù)處理等問題，在保證各項(xiàng)工作的技術(shù)性、專業(yè)性、細(xì)致性的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建獨(dú)立公正的精準(zhǔn)扶貧考核機(jī)制。引入第三方評(píng)估之后，由社會(huì)專業(yè)組織作為獨(dú)立的第三方對(duì)于扶貧脫貧工作進(jìn)行客觀評(píng)估，既豐富了評(píng)估的方式，也使得評(píng)估更加有效。

Third Party Evaluation

As required by the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty, third party evaluation has been introduced to review the execution of poverty alleviation policies and the results of poverty alleviation endeavors.

Third party evaluation provides an objective reference for assessing the precision of the work done by provincial Party committees and governments, and the satisfaction of the general public. This is an effective way to improve relevant work, remove institutional obstacles, and impart vigor to poor regions.

Since 2012, the central authorities have introduced the strictest-ever system for review and evaluation of poverty elimination. The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development in 2016 and 2017 organized third party evaluation headed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Experts and academics visited poor villages and households to obtain accurate information on identifying and eliminating poverty, and on paired-up assistance. Their research helped identify problems, summarize experience, urge improvement and support decision-making.

The CAS researchers also formulated a Technical Guide to Third Party Evaluation of Poverty Elimination in Poor Counties. They conducted training on research procedures, work coordination and emergency response, and created standard questionnaires with clear rules for the content, filling, recording, coding and data processing. Based on these, an independent and fair evaluation mechanism has been built.

Inviting specialist organizations as independent third parties to evaluate poverty elimination enhances the effects of the evaluation.