The Guideline and Program for the Primary Stage of Socialism

At its 13th National Congress held in October 1987, the CPC established a guideline for the primary stage of socialism: leading and uniting with the people of all ethnic groups, focusing on economic development, upholding the Four Cardinal Principles, pushing forward reform and opening up, adhering to self-reliance and hard work, and building China into a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced modern socialist country. This guideline was better known as the "one central task and two basic points"– taking economic development as the central task and the Four Cardinal Principles and reform and opening up as the two basic points.

At its 15th National Congress in September 1997, the CPC unveiled its basic program during the primary stage of socialism, and defined the targets and policies for building a socialist economy, politics and culture, all with Chinese characteristics.

Building a socialist economy with Chinese characteristics meant developing a market economy under socialism and constantly unlocking and developing the productive forces. To do this, the CPC needs to uphold and improve the basic economic system whereby public ownership is dominant and develops side by side with economic entities under diverse forms of ownership; to uphold and improve the socialist market economy so that the market plays a fundamental role in allocating resources under state macro-control; to uphold and improve a diversity of distribution models, with distribution according to work done as the main model, allowing some people and regions to prosper first so that they could assist others to progress and gradually achieve common prosperity; and to uphold and improve the opening up of the Chinese economy and take an active part in international economic cooperation and competition. This would ensure that the economy developed in a sustained, rapid and sound way, and that the people shared the fruits of economic prosperity.

Building socialist politics with Chinese characteristics meant establishing the rule of law and developing socialist democratic politics under the leadership of the CPC, with the people as masters of the country. To do this, the CPC needs to uphold and improve the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the worker-farmer alliance; to uphold and improve the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party, and the system of regional ethnic autonomy; and to promote democracy, improve the legal system and build a socialist country under the rule of law. This would create a political situation featuring social stability, an honest and efficient government, and unity, harmony and vigor among the people of all ethnic groups.

Building a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics meant following Marxism as the guide, with the goal of encouraging citizens to have high ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline. It meant developing a socialist culture for our nation, a culture that is sound and people-oriented, and that embraces modernization, the world and the future. To do this, the CPC needs to continue the education of its members and the people with Deng Xiaoping Theory; to raise the ideological, ethical, educational, scientific and cultural levels of the whole nation; to adhere to the orientation of serving the people and socialism and to the principle of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend," while emphasizing progress and promoting academic and cultural prosperity. This would promote socialist cultural and ethical progress in accordance with China's actual conditions, carrying on the fine cultural traditions handed down from history and drawing on the achievements of foreign cultures.

From its 16th National Congress on, the CPC has continued to expand its basic targets and policies. At its 19th National Congress in 2017, the CPC reaffirmed the Five-sphere Integrated Plan that encompasses economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental development, and set the goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful.

社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本路線和基本綱領(lǐng)

1987年10月，中共十三大提出黨在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本路線，即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和團(tuán)結(jié)全國(guó)各族人民，以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則，堅(jiān)持改革開放，自力更生，艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，為把中國(guó)建設(shè)成為富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家而奮斗。

1997年9月，中共十五大圍繞建設(shè)富強(qiáng)民主文明的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家的目標(biāo)，明確提出了黨在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本綱領(lǐng)，規(guī)定了建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化的基本目標(biāo)和基本政策。

建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)，就是在社會(huì)主義條件下發(fā)展市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，不斷解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。這就要堅(jiān)持和完善社會(huì)主義公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度；堅(jiān)持和完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，使市場(chǎng)在國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控下對(duì)資源配置起基礎(chǔ)性作用；堅(jiān)持和完善按勞分配為主體的多種分配方式，允許一部分地區(qū)一部分人先富起來，帶動(dòng)和幫助后富，逐步走向共同富裕；堅(jiān)持和完善對(duì)外開放，積極參與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；保證國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展，人民共享經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮成果。

建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的政治，就是在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在人民當(dāng)家作主的基礎(chǔ)上，依法治國(guó)，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主政治。這就要堅(jiān)持和完善工人階級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的、以工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟為基礎(chǔ)的人民民主專政；堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度；發(fā)展民主，健全法制，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家。實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)安定，政府廉潔高效，全國(guó)各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)和睦、生動(dòng)活潑的政治局面。

建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的文化，就是以馬克思主義為指導(dǎo)，以培育有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀(jì)律的公民為目標(biāo)，發(fā)展面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來的，民族的科學(xué)的大眾的社會(huì)主義文化。這就要堅(jiān)持用鄧小平理論武裝全黨，教育人民；努力提高全民族的思想道德素質(zhì)和教育科學(xué)文化水平；堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)、為社會(huì)主義服務(wù)的方向和“百花齊放，百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的方針，重在建設(shè)，繁榮學(xué)術(shù)和文藝。建設(shè)立足中國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)、繼承歷史文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)、吸取外國(guó)文化有益成果的社會(huì)主義精神文明。

中共十六大后，社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本目標(biāo)和基本政策不斷豐富發(fā)展，到了中共十九大，明確將經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)“五位一體”作為中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)總體布局，提出了建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧美麗的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)的奮斗目標(biāo)。