The Second National Congress of the CPC

From July 16 to 23, 1922, the CPC held its Second National Congress in Shanghai, attended by 12 delegates representing the Party's 195 members nationwide. Chen Duxiu chaired the congress and delivered a report on the work of the Central Bureau. Zhang Guotao reported on the Chinese delegates' participation in early 1922 in the first congress of representatives from communist parties and national revolutionary organizations of the Far Eastern countries, and on China's First National Labor Congress in Guangzhou in early May. Shi Cuntong (1899-1970) reported on the First National Congress of the Socialist Youth League also held in Guangzhou in early May.

The congress elected a Central Executive Committee composed of five members – Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, Cai Hesen (1895-1931), Gao Junyu (1896-1925) and Deng Zhongxia (1894-1933), and three alternate members. The Central Execution Committee then elected Chen Duxiu as its chairman.

The congress adopted the CPC's first Constitution, and formulated a maximum (future) program and a minimum (immediate) program for the Party. The congress defined the CPC as a party of the Chinese proletariat, and its goal as to "organize the proletariat to set up the labor-peasant dictatorship through class struggle, eliminate private ownership, and gradually build a communist society." This was the ultimate goal or maximum program of the Party. To accomplish this ultimate goal, the congress also outlined the Party's minimum program as to end civil strife, overthrow the warlords, and restore peace at home; cast off oppression by world imperialism, and attain complete independence of the Chinese nation; and unify the country and build it into a democratic republic in the true sense.

The congress initially defined the nature, targets, motive forces, tactics, tasks and goals of the Chinese revolution, and outlined the prospects of the revolution. For the first time, it drew up a program of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution, pointing out the direction for the revolution of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. All this work was of far-reaching significance.

中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)

1922年7月16日至23日，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)在上海舉行。出席會(huì)議的代表12人，代表全國(guó)195名黨員。陳獨(dú)秀主持大會(huì)，代表中央局作工作報(bào)告。張國(guó)燾報(bào)告出席遠(yuǎn)東各國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨及民族革命團(tuán)體第一次代表大會(huì)的經(jīng)過(guò)以及第一次全國(guó)勞動(dòng)大會(huì)的情況。施存統(tǒng)報(bào)告社會(huì)主義青年團(tuán)第一次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)的情況。大會(huì)選出由陳獨(dú)秀、張國(guó)燾、蔡和森、高君宇、鄧中夏等5名委員和3名候補(bǔ)委員組成的中央執(zhí)行委員會(huì)，中央執(zhí)行委員會(huì)推選陳獨(dú)秀為委員長(zhǎng)。

大會(huì)通過(guò)了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的第一個(gè)章程，并根據(jù)世界革命形勢(shì)和中國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，制定了黨的最高綱領(lǐng)和最低綱領(lǐng)。大會(huì)宣言指出，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨是中國(guó)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨，它的目的是要“組織無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)，用階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的手段，建立勞農(nóng)專政的政治，鏟除私有財(cái)產(chǎn)制度，漸次達(dá)到一個(gè)共產(chǎn)主義的社會(huì)”。這是黨的最終奮斗目標(biāo)，即黨的最高綱領(lǐng)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)黨的最高綱領(lǐng)，大會(huì)提出在當(dāng)時(shí)歷史條件下的最低綱領(lǐng)：消除內(nèi)亂，打倒軍閥，建設(shè)國(guó)內(nèi)和平；推翻國(guó)際帝國(guó)主義的壓迫，達(dá)到中華民族完全獨(dú)立；統(tǒng)一中國(guó)為真正的民主共和國(guó)。

中共二大初步闡明了中國(guó)革命的性質(zhì)、對(duì)象、動(dòng)力、策略、任務(wù)和目標(biāo)，指明了中國(guó)革命的前途；第一次明確提出了徹底的反帝反封建的民主革命綱領(lǐng)，為中國(guó)各民族人民的革命斗爭(zhēng)指明了方向，具有重大而深遠(yuǎn)的意義。