Configuration of Territorial Space Development and Protection

Territorial space is the most valuable natural resource of a country. It is the spatial carrier of an eco-civilization. As the conditions of different types of territorial space vary, different development tasks and goals should be determined for specific functional zones to form a rational configuration.

In September 2015, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council jointly issued an Overall Plan to Reform the System for Developing an Eco-civilization, putting forward for the first time the systems for territorial space development and protection. In October 2017, the 19th CPC National Congress announced the decision to establish systems for developing and protecting territorial space, to improve support policies on functional zones, and to develop a system of protected areas composed mainly of national parks.

In creating such systems, China has to strike a balance between population, resources and the environment, allot space to production, daily life and environmental development as appropriate, and coordinate the economic, social and ecological benefits. It will apply law-based, market-oriented regulation over the use of territorial space, control the intensity of territorial space development, and adjust the spatial structure, so as to ensure efficient use of production space and maintain a pleasant living space and a beautiful eco-environment. As a result, there will be more space for nature to restore itself, more fertile land for agriculture, and a homeland with blue skies, green vegetation and clear waters for future generations.

A territorial space plan is a blueprint for sustainable development of China's territorial space, and guides various development and protection activities. In May 2019, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council jointly published guidelines on setting up a system for territorial space planning, and on supervising their implementation. Current separated plans for functional zoning, land use, and urban-rural development will be rolled into one national plan for territorial space development and protection, which as the top-level design will have a binding effect on various special development plans. This will create an appropriate institutional framework.

The 14th Five-year Plan, published in March 2021, lists better development and protection of territorial space as one of the major objectives to be achieved during the period 2021-2025. A new configuration will be created based on the carrying capacity of resources and the environment and the comparative strengths of various regions, and there will be rational flows and concentration of production factors and high-quality development as suited to each area's distinctive functions and complementary strengths.

Territorial space development and protection will benefit China's modernization drive with harmony between humanity and nature. It is also vital to global economic development and ecological security.

國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)格局

國(guó)土空間是國(guó)家和民族最寶貴的自然資源，是生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的空間載體。不同的國(guó)土空間，自然狀況不同，需要根據(jù)其主體功能定位確定開(kāi)發(fā)內(nèi)容和發(fā)展的主要任務(wù)，構(gòu)建科學(xué)合理的空間格局。2015年9月，中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)《生態(tài)文明體制改革總體方案》，首次提出構(gòu)建國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)制度。2017年10月，中共十九大進(jìn)一步提出，構(gòu)建國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)制度，完善主體功能區(qū)配套政策，建立以國(guó)家公園為主體的自然保護(hù)地體系。

構(gòu)建國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)制度，就是按照人口、資源、環(huán)境相均衡，生產(chǎn)空間、生活空間、生態(tài)空間三大功能空間科學(xué)布局，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會(huì)效益、生態(tài)效益三類效益有機(jī)統(tǒng)一的原則，以法律為依據(jù)，以空間規(guī)劃為基礎(chǔ)，以用途管制和市場(chǎng)化機(jī)制為手段，嚴(yán)格控制國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度，調(diào)整優(yōu)化空間結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)空間集約高效、生活空間宜居適度、生態(tài)空間山清水秀，給自然留下更多修復(fù)空間，給農(nóng)業(yè)留下更多良田，給子孫留下天藍(lán)、地綠、水凈的美好家園。

國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃是國(guó)家空間發(fā)展的指南、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的空間藍(lán)圖，是各類開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)建設(shè)活動(dòng)的基本依據(jù)。2019年5月，中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)《關(guān)于建立國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃體系并監(jiān)督實(shí)施的若干意見(jiàn)》，提出建立“五級(jí)三類四體系”的國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃體系，將主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃、土地利用規(guī)劃、城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃等空間規(guī)劃融合為統(tǒng)一的國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃，實(shí)現(xiàn)“多規(guī)合一”，強(qiáng)化國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃對(duì)各專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃的指導(dǎo)約束作用，這標(biāo)志著國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃體系頂層設(shè)計(jì)和“四梁八柱”基本形成。

2021年3月，“十四五”規(guī)劃《綱要》明確將優(yōu)化國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)格局作為“十四五”時(shí)期生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)，提出立足資源環(huán)境承載能力，發(fā)揮各地區(qū)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，促進(jìn)各類要素合理流動(dòng)和高效集聚，推動(dòng)形成主體功能明顯、優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)、高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)新格局。中國(guó)構(gòu)建國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)新格局是建設(shè)人與自然和諧共生現(xiàn)代化的需要，對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和生態(tài)安全具有舉足輕重的作用。