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4. 離開道路數(shù)十丈處有座大屋，屋檐下站著一個(gè)中年文士，一個(gè)十一二歲的小孩。那文士見到這等情景，不禁長(zhǎng)嘆一聲，眼眶也紅了，說(shuō)道：“可憐，可憐！”
Under the eaves of a large house, some hundred yards from the road, a middle-aged scholar was standing with a ten- or eleven-year-old boy at his side. (5) He was evidently affected by this little scene, for a groan escaped his lips and he appeared to be very close to tears.
"Poor creatures!" he murmured to himself. (6)
注5. 這一句原文有兩個(gè)并列分句，先說(shuō)某處有座大屋，再說(shuō)檐下站著兩個(gè)人。敘事的順序可以說(shuō)是由遠(yuǎn)及近。譯文則從Under the eaves開始，然后再處理第一個(gè)分句里的內(nèi)容of a large house, some hundred yards from the roads。原文“站著一個(gè)中年文士，一個(gè)十一二歲的小孩”，也是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，而譯文卻是with a ten- or eleven-year-old boy at his side。這樣，原文的并列結(jié)構(gòu)就變成了譯文的主從結(jié)構(gòu)，突出了a middle-aged scholar。
注6. 原文主語(yǔ)是“那文士”，后面帶四個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。譯文突出第一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，然后用for引出兩個(gè)從句，最后另起一段處理引語(yǔ)。
5. 那小孩問(wèn)道：“爹爹，他們犯了什么罪？”那文士道：“又犯了什么罪？昨日和今朝，已逮去了三十幾人，都是我們浙江有名的讀書人，個(gè)個(gè)都是無(wú)辜株連?！彼f(shuō)到“無(wú)辜株連”四字，聲音壓得甚低，生怕給押送囚車的官兵聽見了。那小孩道：“那個(gè)小女孩還在吃奶，難道也犯了罪？真沒(méi)道理?！蹦俏氖康溃骸澳愣霉俦鴽](méi)道理，真是好孩子，唉，人為刀俎，我為魚肉，人為鼎鑊，我為麋鹿！”
"Papa," said the little boy, "what have they done wrong?" (7)
"What indeed!" said the man, bitterly. "During these last two days they must have made more than thirty arrests. All our best scholars. And all of them innocents, caught up in the net," he added in an undertone, for fear that the soldiers might hear him. (8)
"That girl's only a baby," said the boy. "What can she possibly be guilty of? (9) It's very wrong."
"So you understand that what the Government soldiers do is wrong," said the man. "Good for you, my son!" He sighed. "They are the cleaver and we are the meat. They are the cauldron and we are the deer." (10)
注7. 英語(yǔ)除了先出引語(yǔ)，后出說(shuō)話人，還經(jīng)常把一句引語(yǔ)分成兩截，把說(shuō)話人插在中間。
注8. All our best scholars. And all of them innocent...都是省略句。這在口語(yǔ)里是常見的。這樣譯正體現(xiàn)了口語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。此外，原文“生怕……”在結(jié)構(gòu)上是前面謂語(yǔ)的并列謂語(yǔ)，但其含義是說(shuō)明壓低聲音的原因。因此譯文用介詞短語(yǔ)加that從句for fear that...，這在句子里叫狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。
注9. 原文“那個(gè)小女孩還在吃奶，難道也犯了罪？”前半句是陳述句，后半句是疑問(wèn)句，可以放在一起。英語(yǔ)則不然，前半句和后半句在文字上沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，便要分成兩句。在陳述句后加句號(hào)，問(wèn)題另起一句。像中文那樣用逗號(hào)把它們連在一起是不行的。
注10. 最后兩句譯文中間都加了and。請(qǐng)注意，我們自己譯的時(shí)候，不要把它丟掉。
6. 那孩子道：“爹，你前幾天教過(guò)我，‘人為刀俎，我為魚肉’，就是給人家斬割屠殺的意思。人家是切菜刀，是砧板，我們就是魚和肉?！藶槎﹁Z，我為麋鹿’這兩句話，意思也差不多么？”那文士道：“正是！”眼見官兵和囚車已經(jīng)去遠(yuǎn)，拉著小孩的手道：“外面風(fēng)大，我們回屋里去。”當(dāng)下父子二人走進(jìn)書房。
"You explained 'they are the cleaver and we are the meat' the other day, papa," said the boy. "It's what they say when people are massacred or beheaded. Like meat or fish being sliced up on the chopping-board. (11) Does 'they are the cauldron and we are the deer' mean the same thing?"
"Yes, more or less," said the man; and since the train of soldiers and prison carts was now fast receding, he took the boy by the hand. (12)
"Let's go indoors now," he said. (13) "It's too windy for standing outside."
Indoors the two of them went, and into his study.
注11. it's和泛指的they都是口語(yǔ)里常用的說(shuō)法。Like meat and fish being...也是省略句。這都體現(xiàn)了口語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。敘事像敘事，對(duì)話像對(duì)話，不是很容易做到的，值得注意。
注12. train一詞很有用，我們往往想不起它來(lái)。它可以指a number of people or animals moving in a line，也可以指a series of events or actions that are connected，用在這里是很恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
此外，“拉著小孩的手”不要譯作He took the boy's hand，那是中國(guó)式的英文，He took the boy by the hand，這才是地道的英文。
注13. 從原文第4段到第6段，“文士”一詞共出現(xiàn)五次。第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí)譯為scholar，隨后便不再重復(fù)這一譯法，而交替使用he (his, him)和the man。這一點(diǎn)，你注意到了嗎？
作者：莊繹傳，全國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試英語(yǔ)專家委員會(huì)顧問(wèn)，北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)教授
（來(lái)源：catti.net.cn）
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